![]() showed that patients with lung adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma presented high levels of free fatty acids ARA and LA and their hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETE) metabolites compared with control subjects without cancer and they propose these as possible markers. There is much clinical evidence indicating the effect of ω-6 PUFAs on lung cancer progression. In addition, several studies have demonstrated that ω-6 PUFAs induce progression in certain types of cancer. Collectively, PUFAs play crucial roles in maintaining cellular homeostasis, and perturbations in dietary intake or PUFAs metabolism could result in cellular dysfunction and contribute to cancer risk and progression. EPA and DHA are precursors for anti-inflammatory oxylipins while LA and ARA are precursors for pro-inflammatory oxylipins. PUFAs, through oxidative reactions, generate oxylipins (lipid derivates that are the main mediators of the effects of PUFAs) by the cyclooxygenase pathway (COX), the lipoxygenase pathway (LOX), and the cytochrome P450 pathway (CYP450). The ω-3 family of PUFAs includes alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), while the ω-6 family includes linolenic acid (LA) and arachidonic acid (ARA). PUFAs can be classified into different categories with a variety of biological functions. There is increasing evidence that PUFAs play a role in cancer risk and progression. These results demonstrate for the first time that high intake of ω-6 PUFAs in the diet enhances the malignancy of tumor cells by histological changes on tumor dedifferentiation and increases cell proliferation, angiogenesis, pro-inflammatory oxylipins and molecular aggressiveness targets such as NF-κB p65, YY1, COX-2 and TGF-β. Oxylipin profiling revealed an upregulation of various pro-tumoral oxylipins including PGs, HETEs, DiHETrEs and HODEs. Our results shown that the mice fed a diet rich in ω-6 showed a marked increase in proliferation, angiogenesis and pro-inflammatory markers and decreased expression of pro-apoptotic proteins in their tumors. We used a murine model of pulmonary squamous cell carcinoma to study the aggressiveness of tumors in mice fed with a diet rich in ω-6 PUFAs and its relationship with oxylipins. ![]() However, whether a diet rich in ω-6 PUFAs can contribute to tumor aggressiveness has not been well investigated. Current Western populations have high consumption of ω-6 PUFAs with a ratio of ω-6/ω-3 PUFAs at 15:1 to 16.7:1 This high consumption of ω-6 PUFAs is related to increased cancer risk and progression. Intake of ω-3 and ω-6 PUFAs plays an important role in cancer risk and progression. It has been shown that diet is an important environmental factor that contributes to the risk and mortality of several types of cancers. Lung cancer is currently the leading cause of cancer death worldwide it is often diagnosed at an advanced stage and bears poor prognosis. ![]()
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